Iberia Airlines · CC BY 2.0 · Boeing 747 picturedThe 747 first flew in 1969 and entered airline service in 1970. Its broad main deck transformed the scale of passenger flying, while the elevated cockpit also suited a freighter with a nose-loading door. Passenger and cargo developments remained important throughout the programme.
The flight deck changed dramatically between classic three-crew 747s and later two-pilot aircraft. The 747-8 also brought a further wing and engine development. The simulator products cover several generations, including the classic 747-200 and modern 747-8.
Boeing 747-8 Intercontinental
Mais sobre esta aeronave no AirframeDB
Boeing’s early concept archive shows that the familiar 747 shape was not the starting point. The development team studied several arrangements with two passenger decks. Problems with those configurations led Joe Sutter’s team toward a wide fuselage with most accommodation on one level. Moving the flight deck upstairs also left room for a cargo door in the nose below it.
The 747 evolved through several generations, including the 747-400 and the later 747-8, while passenger and freight operations gave the family different careers. Boeing marked the final delivery on 31 January 2023 at Everett, handing a 747-8 freighter to Atlas Air. The manufacturer recorded 1,574 aircraft built over more than half a century.
People who had helped design and build the original aircraft returned for the ceremony. Atlas provided another link across generations: the company began with a converted 747-200 freighter and later operated types including the enlarged Dreamlifter, used to transport 787 components.
First flight: February 9, 1969 ( 1969-02-09 )
Westerdijk recalls choosing a first-officer position on the 747 over an opportunity to command the DC-9. After earlier F27 and A310 flying, the prospect of long-haul operations appealed to him, and he eventually became a 747 captain. His recollections of the 200 and 300 include six-day rotations through Dubai and Bangkok to Hong Kong, with the return journey retracing those stops.
Kai Tak made those trips particularly memorable. He describes the transition from instrument guidance to the visual turn beside the city, with buildings close by and western winds sometimes adding turbulence. As a first officer, the allocation of flying duties determined whether he received that prized landing. When he later commanded the aircraft, he discussed the division of sectors with his first officer.
Osborne traces his fascination with the 747 to seeing Airport 1975 as a ten-year-old. Years later, as a US Air Force C-141 instructor, he would look across Frankfurt airport at newly arrived 747-400s and imagine flying one. After leaving the Air Force, his airline employer acquired the aircraft used in the film, and he eventually became part of its crew. The machine that had started the ambition became part of his working life.
Writing as a 747-400 captain, he describes another connection with that childhood excitement: the preserved N661US at the Delta Flight Museum. Passing it near the employee parking area at the beginning and end of trips brought back the same sense of wonder. The recollection is about a lasting attachment to the aircraft rather than a technical evaluation of its handling.
By the time of this 2022 interview, Vize had spent more than twenty-two years flying 747s for Atlas and visited more than a hundred destinations in the type. The cargo varied from cars and boats to holiday gifts and equipment for sports teams. Acceptance flights for two new 747-8 freighters gave that career a personal turn: while he flew the aircraft, Joe Masone carried out the functional checks and systems tests. Masone had trained him about twenty-five years earlier and helped him find his way to Atlas.
Vize also recalls a brief meeting with his son Brandon during a military deployment in 2010. His own arrival coincided with his son departing aboard another Atlas 747, flown by a colleague. Among the many journeys and loads he remembers, that chance encounter stands out as a moment when the aircraft joined his professional and family lives.
At Oshkosh in 1995, McMurtry stood beside his own Waco biplane and amused his interviewer by describing a much larger two-winged machine he flew: the 747 carrying a Space Shuttle. His route to that unusual assignment included naval aviation, test-pilot training and Lockheed U-2 flying before joining NASA in 1967. He became one of the original 747 project pilots for the Shuttle approach-and-landing test programme.
Asked how the carrier handled with the Shuttle aboard, he said the change was less dramatic than an observer might expect. The added vehicle nevertheless produced considerable drag, and disturbed airflow around it transmitted shaking to the 747’s tail and airframe. These handling observations concern the modified carrier combination.
The 747 first flew in 1969 and entered airline service in 1970. Its broad main deck transformed the scale of passenger flying, while the elevated cockpit also suited a freighter with a nose-loading door. Passenger and cargo developments remained important throughout the programme.
This starting point selects Boeing 747-8 Intercontinental. Its aircraft-level settings do not select a particular developer’s custom systems.
Spring resistance builds with the selected airspeed response. Directed aerodynamic loading is omitted.
Pitch-trim relief is off. Autopilot following is enabled for supported control references.
The 747 family spans the classic -200, -400 and later -8, with separate avionics and engine installations. The cited -400 maintenance discussion reports breakout and full-aft column effort varying with trim; an early-747 handling account describes its wheel effort. These are related-type reports, not measured -8 force curves. Dreamlifter and Supertanker guides additionally describe specialized autopilot controls and mission configurations.
The gains are normalized profile settings. They describe the chosen effect balance; hand force depends on the device and its output limits. IAS references are tuning values rather than operating limits. Physical acceptance of this revision remains pending.
A escala final de saída aplicada a tudo que o modelo produz, antes do teto do dispositivo.
Mais: tudo (mola, cargas, efeitos) fica mais forte junto.
Menos: tudo amacia junto.
Por que aqui: Scales overall profile strength while preserving effect balance, subject to device and output limits.
A força base de centragem que puxa o manche de volta ao centro. Todas as outras forças se empilham sobre ela. Baixa demais e o manche parece frouxo em voo normal; alta demais e ele briga com sua mão e mascara os sinais menores por cima.
Mais: uma centragem mais firme que resiste mais à mão.
Menos: um manche mais mole que depende só da carga aerodinâmica.
Por que aqui: The powered-control response uses qualitative family feel context; older maintenance and handling accounts do not calibrate every -8 axis. The baseline spring is 0.2. Low-speed spring blending is off.
Boeing 747 LCF Dreamlifter Instructions and ReferenceBoeing 747 family referenceUma pequena zona neutra ao redor do centro onde a mola fica quieta, para que movimentos mínimos em repouso não trepidem. Mais larga é mais calma porém mais solta; mais estreita é mais precisa mas pode tremer no centro.
Mais: um centro mais calmo porém mais solto, com mais folga.
Menos: um centro mais apertado que pode tremer em repouso.
Por que aqui: Sets travel around the centre before the baseline spring resists. Smaller values engage it sooner.
Por que aqui: Adds smoothly ramped resistance outside the centre deadband. Zero removes this preload.
Por que aqui: Sets the travel used to ramp in centre preload. Wider intervals make its onset more gradual.
Uma escala mestra sobre as duas cargas sustentadas de eixo, aplicada antes do balanço independente delas. Os perfis normalmente a deixam quieta e ajustam as duas cargas de eixo.
Mais: os dois eixos carregam mais forte.
Menos: os dois eixos aliviam juntos.
Por que aqui: The 0 gain omits sustained directed airspeed loading. Spring resistance remains independent.
Ativa a janela de engate da mola em baixa velocidade (nós de início/pleno acima). Desligado, a mola é constante em todas as velocidades.
Por que aqui: Allows baseline spring strength to rise with indicated airspeed where the control law permits it.
Quanto da mola sobrevive parado, antes que a velocidade possa gerar força aerodinâmica. Um piso alto mantém o manche estacionado firme; um piso baixo dá a sensação solta, de cabos com folga, de um avião leve estacionado.
Mais: um manche mais firme estacionado e no táxi.
Menos: um manche mole estacionado que só desperta com velocidade.
Por que aqui: Sets low-speed spring strength as a fraction of baseline when blending is enabled. One keeps full strength.
A velocidade em que a mola começa a subir do piso de baixa velocidade rumo à força plena: os comandos "ganhando vida" na corrida de decolagem.
Por que aqui: Sets the IAS where the low-speed spring blend starts rising. This is a feel threshold, not a flight limit.
A velocidade em que a mola atinge força plena. Entre o início e este ponto, a centragem endurece progressivamente à medida que o fluxo de ar cresce sobre os comandos.
Por que aqui: Sets the IAS where the low-speed blend reaches baseline strength; high-speed stiffening also uses it.
A velocidade indicada em que a carga aerodinâmica atinge seu nível pleno de projeto. Ela ancora toda a curva de carga à faixa real de velocidades do avião: um 172 carrega por volta de 110 nós, um jato bem depois.
Mais: as cargas chegam mais tarde; o manche fica leve até mais velocidade.
Menos: as cargas chegam antes e o cruzeiro pesa mais.
Por que aqui: Sets the IAS reference for aerodynamic loading. It is an estimate, not published cruise TAS or a flight limit.
Quanto a própria centragem endurece com a velocidade, além das cargas de deflexão. Zero mantém a sensação de centro constante; mais faz o manche centrar mais duro em cruzeiro e mais solto no circuito.
Mais: um centro que endurece nitidamente com a velocidade.
Menos: uma sensação de centro constante em qualquer velocidade.
Por que aqui: The high-speed spring-stiffening gain is 1. It strengthens the permitted spring response above 122 KIAS, with the squared-speed ratio capped at 7.8.
O limite superior do endurecimento de centro pela velocidade, para que voos muito rápidos não tensionem a mola sem freio.
Mais: mais endurecimento total permitido em alta velocidade.
Menos: o endurecimento corta antes.
Por que aqui: Limits the squared airspeed ratio used for high-speed spring stiffening; it is not a device-force cap.
A carga sustentada de rolagem da deflexão dos ailerons e da velocidade, balanceada independentemente da arfagem. Junto com a carga do profundor define a razão de harmonia de comandos de que falam as resenhas.
Mais: esforços de rolagem mais pesados.
Menos: ailerons mais leves e vivos.
Por que aqui: Roll and pitch aerodynamic scales are 0.65 and 0.65, respectively. These stored weights do not create directed aerodynamic loading while that term is inactive. No custom spring-travel curve is enabled.
A carga sustentada de arfagem da deflexão do profundor e da velocidade, balanceada independentemente da rolagem. É a alavanca principal por trás do peso de arfagem de um tipo. Não toca aileron, mola, compensador nem forças de buffet.
Mais: esforços sustentados de arfagem mais pesados em velocidade.
Menos: um profundor mais leve, com menos músculo para segurar.
Por que aqui: Scales pitch aerodynamic loading; pitch spring travel and trim responses are separate settings.
Um teto sobre cada força estável de arfagem ou rolagem antes de chegar ao dispositivo, protegendo contra pancadas ou saturação do hardware em manobras fortes.
Mais: picos de força estável mais altos antes do corte.
Menos: um teto mais suave; manobras duras achatam antes.
Por que aqui: Caps directed-force output. Native spring effects and device limits remain separate.
Com que força o compensador de profundor alivia o esforço de arfagem mantido e desloca onde o manche assenta. Em 100 %, um avião bem compensado não precisa de pressão mantida: o fluxo de trabalho de compensar-a-carga do voo real.
Mais: o compensador tira mais esforço mantido; em 100 %, todo compensado o anula.
Menos: você segue segurando esforço mesmo compensado.
Por que aqui: Trim-sensitive column effort is family mechanism context, while the profile's exact trim authority remains a selected approximation. Pitch relief is off, with stored authority 0; roll authority is 0.
Boeing 747 LCF Dreamlifter Instructions and ReferenceBoeing 747 family referenceO mesmo alívio para o compensador de rolagem. A maioria dos tipos de aviação geral não tem compensador de aileron real, então isto fica em zero; tipos com compensador de rolagem recebem um valor correspondente.
Mais: o compensador de rolagem tira mais esforço mantido.
Menos: o compensador de rolagem faz menos.
Por que aqui: Scales supported roll-trim relief and permitted centre movement. Zero removes roll response.
Vibração de rolagem no solo pela velocidade das rodas e tipo de superfície: asfalto, grama ou cascalho sob o trem.
Mais: uma textura de superfície mais forte no manche.
Menos: um táxi mais liso.
Por que aqui: Sets rolling texture strength, modified by speed, surface and undercarriage configuration.
Solavancos curtos e discretos de juntas de dilatação, sulcos e superfície irregular, pontuando o ronco contínuo.
Mais: solavancos mais nítidos de juntas e sulcos.
Menos: detalhes de solo mais suaves.
Por que aqui: Sets gear-bump texture during ground motion, separate from touchdown impact.
Sacudida da célula ao se aproximar do estol e enquanto o aviso soa: quão alto esta asa anuncia que está infeliz. Tipos de quebra seca recebem buffet modesto e deixam a buzina levar o aviso.
Mais: um tremor pré-estol mais forte.
Menos: uma asa mais discreta; a buzina leva o aviso.
Por que aqui: Sets stall-buffet strength. Zero removes the cue without changing simulator stalls or warnings.
Buffet transônico ao se aproximar do limite de Mach. Significativo para jatos perto de MMO, zero para pistões e turboélices que nunca chegam lá.
Mais: um buffet transônico mais forte perto do limite de Mach.
Menos: um voo mais liso em Mach alto.
Por que aqui: Sets high-Mach buffet strength; onset and full-strength thresholds are separate.
Vibração de baixa frequência da célula com flapes estendidos no fluxo, na janela de velocidade em que eles realmente trabalham o ar.
Mais: um voo mais áspero com flapes trabalhando.
Menos: flapes de aproximação mais suaves.
Por que aqui: Sets flap buffet at the configured position and speed gates. Flap movement texture is separate.
Tamborilar da célula pelo trem retrátil pendurado na corrente de ar. Zero para tipos de trem fixo, onde a célula nunca muda de forma.
Mais: mais tamborilar com o trem embaixo.
Menos: um voo com trem embaixo mais limpo.
Por que aqui: Sets gear aerodynamic buffet; movement and ground-contact cues are separate.
O zumbido dedicado do stick shaker de estol, disparado pelo próprio sistema de aviso do avião. Só tipos com shaker real recebem valor; o resto confia no buffet aerodinâmico e na buzina.
Mais: um shaker mais duro.
Menos: um shaker mais discreto.
Por que aqui: Sets triggered shaker strength; inactive while the shaker feature is disabled.
O golpe único quando as rodas tocam a pista, escalado pela razão de descida: um pouso macio sussurra, uma chegada firme bate.
Mais: um golpe mais duro no toque.
Menos: chegadas mais suaves.
Por que aqui: Sets landing-impact strength; landing telemetry and response shape determine the pulse.
Vibração na corrida enquanto o reverso ou as hélices em beta trabalham. Zero para tipos sem reverso.
Mais: uma corrida mais áspera sob reverso.
Menos: um reverso mais discreto.
Por que aqui: Sets reverse-thrust vibration with valid reverser and engine conditions. Zero removes the cue.
Vibração contínua do grupo motopropulsor seguindo a rotação entre marcha lenta e potência máxima, o lembrete sempre presente de que algo queima combustível lá na frente.
Mais: mais motor no manche.
Menos: um motor mais discreto.
Por que aqui: Sets estimated engine vibration using configured telemetry and response, not measured cockpit vibration.
Vibração contínua apenas enquanto o simulador informa as superfícies de flape realmente em movimento. Segue o movimento e as falhas reais do atuador, não um cronômetro estimado.
Mais: mais vibração com os flapes em movimento.
Menos: cursos de flape mais discretos.
Por que aqui: Sets texture from observed flap movement; a command without movement does not establish the cue.
Quanto os comandos do piloto automático podem mover fisicamente o manche. Mantido minúsculo no MSFS, onde um eixo movido pode ser lido de volta como entrada do piloto; zero desativa o seguimento por completo.
Mais: o piloto automático move seu manche visivelmente mais.
Menos: um seguimento quase imperceptível.
Por que aqui: Sets admitted AP-follow gain, not a percentage of travel. Runtime ownership and input limits still apply.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Por que aqui: Retained for compatibility and group membership. Trim relief, rather than this flag, controls centre movement.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Por que aqui: Allows trim relief with supported control law and valid telemetry. Axis authorities set its amount.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Por que aqui: Enables local force trim, separate from aircraft-owned trim and add-on integration qualification.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Por que aqui: Allows load-factor changes to modify permitted spring laws. Passive fly-by-wire feel can suppress it.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Por que aqui: Enables rate damping with the configured coefficients and control law.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Por que aqui: Following is on at 1 authority when a supported, valid autopilot control reference is available.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Por que aqui: Permits centering hold during a supported AP state, separate from following a moving target.
Por que aqui: Sets admitted AP neutral-hold strength; inactive while neutral hold is disabled.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Por que aqui: Enables aerodynamic cues; each still needs nonzero strength and its simulator conditions.
Where this effect reaches full strength (or has fully faded, for washouts).
Mais: a more gradual build to a later peak.
Menos: a quicker build.
Por que aqui: Sets the final flap index for detent normalization. UP plus three detents uses maximum index3.
Where this effect begins fading in.
Mais: the effect begins later.
Menos: it begins earlier.
Por que aqui: Sets the first flap detent that admits buffet; this is a handle index, not degrees.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Por que aqui: Permits shaker at supported warning conditions; the switch does not establish aircraft equipment.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Por que aqui: Enables ground effects; each still needs its own strength and contact or motion telemetry.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Por que aqui: Enables engine cues with nonzero settings and valid running-engine telemetry.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Por que aqui: Enables accessory cues with configured strengths and observed accessory movement.
The strength of this effect.
Mais: a stronger effect.
Menos: a weaker one.
Por que aqui: Sets texture from observed gear movement, separate from aerodynamic and touchdown effects.
| Parâmetro | Valor | O que controla e por quê |
|---|---|---|
| Spring strength | 0.2 | The powered-control response uses qualitative family feel context; older maintenance and handling accounts do not calibrate every -8 axis. The baseline spring is 0.2. Low-speed spring blending is off. |
| Spring deadband | 0.0 | Sets travel around the centre before the baseline spring resists. Smaller values engage it sooner. |
| Forces · Center starting force | 0.12 | Adds smoothly ramped resistance outside the centre deadband. Zero removes this preload. |
| Forces · Center starting force transition | 0.05 | Sets the travel used to ramp in centre preload. Wider intervals make its onset more gradual. |
| Force gain | 0 | The 0 gain omits sustained directed airspeed loading. Spring resistance remains independent. |
| Master gain | 0.85 | Scales overall profile strength while preserving effect balance, subject to device and output limits. |
| Dynamic-pressure blend | False | Allows baseline spring strength to rise with indicated airspeed where the control law permits it. |
| Minimum spring factor | 0.55 | Sets low-speed spring strength as a fraction of baseline when blending is enabled. One keeps full strength. |
| Spring wake-up speed | 20 kt | Sets the IAS where the low-speed spring blend starts rising. This is a feel threshold, not a flight limit. |
| Spring full-strength speed | 122 kt | Sets the IAS where the low-speed blend reaches baseline strength; high-speed stiffening also uses it. |
| Velocidade de ajuste de força | 275.0 kt | Sets the IAS reference for aerodynamic loading. It is an estimate, not published cruise TAS or a flight limit. |
| Airspeed spring stiffening | 1.0 | The high-speed spring-stiffening gain is 1. It strengthens the permitted spring response above 122 KIAS, with the squared-speed ratio capped at 7.8. |
| Airspeed stiffening cap | 7.8 | Limits the squared airspeed ratio used for high-speed spring stiffening; it is not a device-force cap. |
| Aileron force scale | 0.65 | Roll and pitch aerodynamic scales are 0.65 and 0.65, respectively. These stored weights do not create directed aerodynamic loading while that term is inactive. No custom spring-travel curve is enabled. |
| Elevator force scale | 0.65 | Scales pitch aerodynamic loading; pitch spring travel and trim responses are separate settings. |
| Maximum output force | 0.55 | Caps directed-force output. Native spring effects and device limits remain separate. |
| StickFeel · Trim feel enabled | False | Retained for compatibility and group membership. Trim relief, rather than this flag, controls centre movement. |
| StickFeel · Trim relief enabled | False | Allows trim relief with supported control law and valid telemetry. Axis authorities set its amount. |
| StickFeel · Elevator authority | 0 | Trim-sensitive column effort is family mechanism context, while the profile's exact trim authority remains a selected approximation. Pitch relief is off, with stored authority 0; roll authority is 0. |
| StickFeel · Aileron authority | 0 | Scales supported roll-trim relief and permitted centre movement. Zero removes roll response. |
| StickFeel · Force trim enabled | False | Enables local force trim, separate from aircraft-owned trim and add-on integration qualification. |
| StickFeel · G load enabled | False | Allows load-factor changes to modify permitted spring laws. Passive fly-by-wire feel can suppress it. |
| StickFeel · Rate damping enabled | False | Enables rate damping with the configured coefficients and control law. |
| Autopilot · Follow enabled | True | Following is on at 1 authority when a supported, valid autopilot control reference is available. |
| Autopilot · Follow authority | 1.0 | Sets admitted AP-follow gain, not a percentage of travel. Runtime ownership and input limits still apply. |
| Autopilot · Neutral hold enabled | False | Permits centering hold during a supported AP state, separate from following a moving target. |
| Autopilot · Neutral hold strength | 0.6 | Sets admitted AP neutral-hold strength; inactive while neutral hold is disabled. |
| Aero · Enabled | True | Enables aerodynamic cues; each still needs nonzero strength and its simulator conditions. |
| Aero · Gain | 0.3 | Sets stall-buffet strength. Zero removes the cue without changing simulator stalls or warnings. |
| Aero · Gain | 0.22 | Sets high-Mach buffet strength; onset and full-strength thresholds are separate. |
| Aero · Gain | 0.14 | Sets flap buffet at the configured position and speed gates. Flap movement texture is separate. |
| Aero · Max flap index | 6 | Sets the final flap index for detent normalization. UP plus three detents uses maximum index3. |
| Aero · Min flap index | 2 | Sets the first flap detent that admits buffet; this is a handle index, not degrees. |
| Aero · Gain | 0.1 | Sets gear aerodynamic buffet; movement and ground-contact cues are separate. |
| Aero · Shaker enabled | True | Permits shaker at supported warning conditions; the switch does not establish aircraft equipment. |
| Aero · Amplitude | 0.9 | Sets triggered shaker strength; inactive while the shaker feature is disabled. |
| Ground · Enabled | True | Enables ground effects; each still needs its own strength and contact or motion telemetry. |
| Ground · Gain | 0.4 | Sets rolling texture strength, modified by speed, surface and undercarriage configuration. |
| Ground · Gain | 0.32 | Sets gear-bump texture during ground motion, separate from touchdown impact. |
| Ground · Gain | 0.9 | Sets landing-impact strength; landing telemetry and response shape determine the pulse. |
| Ground · Gain | 0.5 | Sets reverse-thrust vibration with valid reverser and engine conditions. Zero removes the cue. |
| Engine · Enabled | True | Enables engine cues with nonzero settings and valid running-engine telemetry. |
| Engine · Gain | 0.06 | Sets estimated engine vibration using configured telemetry and response, not measured cockpit vibration. |
| Mechanical · Enabled | True | Enables accessory cues with configured strengths and observed accessory movement. |
| Mechanical · Gain | 0.12 | Sets texture from observed flap movement; a command without movement does not establish the cue. |
| Mechanical · Gain | 0.12 | Sets texture from observed gear movement, separate from aerodynamic and touchdown effects. |
Se a sua experiência no tipo diz que esta página errou, corrija aqui.
Esta página é construída com referências citadas, e experiência real no tipo vale mais que citação. Cite a afirmação errada e conte o que a aeronave real faz. As correções vão ao mantenedor para revisão e alimentam a próxima revisão desta pesquisa.
Conversa aberta sobre voar e ajustar o Boeing 747 family, no fórum da comunidade. As correções acima vão em particular ao mantenedor; o papo de hangar é público.