Charles A. Lindbergh, Ryan Aircraft Co · CC0 · Ryan NYP "Spirit of St. Louis", Charles A. Lindbergh - DPLA - 957e7a44b920f167707ea3fa3da60327 (page 3).Ryan built the Spirit of St. Louis to carry fuel for Charles Lindbergh's solo Atlantic crossing. A high wing and single radial engine surrounded a one-seat cockpit whose fuel tanks blocked the forward view. Lindbergh flew from New York to Paris in May 1927.
The restricted visibility and sparse cockpit reflect this purpose-built aircraft's long-distance mission. The simulator represents that customised layout.
Spirit of St. Louis · Specifications (Ryan NYP) · real aircraft; source units retained
Meer over dit vliegtuig op AirframeDB
Schiff’s EAA replica had a second seat in space occupied by fuel tanks in the original aircraft. A different engine, starter, avionics, brakes and tailwheel supported its later flying role. The replica's equipment differs from the original aircraft.
Designer: Donald A. Hall
First flight: April 28, 1927
Developed from: Ryan M-2
Lindbergh recalled the heavily laden aircraft gathering speed slowly on the rain-softened field. Once past halfway, he judged that it would clear the obstacles ahead. After passing a tractor and telephone wires, he turned away from higher trees and began following his compass course. An accompanying photographer’s aircraft eventually turned back, leaving him to continue alone.
At the other end of the journey, recognising Paris did not immediately settle where to land. He saw the lights of Le Bourget but thought the airfield should be farther from the city. He flew beyond it to check, then returned and descended until he could identify hangars and roads packed with cars. A low pass and a circuit into wind brought the long flight to its end.
Schiff approached the replica with a sense of occasion, then discovered how much work its cockpit demanded. Daubner occupied the forward seat during the checkout, blocking the small windows ahead. From the rear seat, Schiff had to rely on side views and peripheral vision as he learned the aircraft.
The control stick initially seemed unnecessarily tall. As the flight continued, his hand crept higher to gain more leverage against the heavy ailerons. The rudder and elevator needed continuing attention too, and even light disturbances could interrupt the aircraft’s balance. Those demands increased his affection for the machine as well as his respect for Lindbergh. A relatively short flight over Wisconsin made the endurance required for the original ocean crossing much harder to imagine.
Hammond described flying the replica through a combination of side-window views and anticipation. The windows ahead of his shoulders supplied useful peripheral references, while the skylight let him look towards the space into which he was turning. Seeing where the aircraft was going required a different habit from looking straight ahead through a windscreen.
Landing brought another adjustment. He used a sideslip to keep the runway visible and preferred some headwind, because the clean airframe could float along the approach. These were familiar characteristics to a pilot who regularly flew the aircraft, rather than reasons to dismiss it as impossibly difficult. Hammond still found the opportunity remarkable: the routine work of operating the replica had not removed the pleasure of flying such an unusual machine.
Before flying the replica, Cassens practised in another aircraft with its windscreen made opaque. The exercise prepared him for the restricted forward view that would be part of his new cockpit. After the first flight, he reported that the aircraft had behaved well, although its low drag made it reluctant to slow down and the ailerons felt somewhat heavy.
The flight completed a project with a much longer history than those preparations. Cole Palen had obtained a Wright engine in the 1970s, and work continued after his death. Cassens took the project forward with assistance from the museum holding Lindbergh’s original aircraft. His straightforward first-flight assessment therefore marked the culmination of years of construction, research and renewed effort by the Rhinebeck team.
Ragozzino’s first outing in Spirit of St. Louis 2 lasted roughly fifteen to twenty minutes. Afterwards, the aircraft returned to its hangar so the team could discuss the flight and attend to discrepancies before continuing the test programme. His immediate comparison was with driving a heavy truck without power steering, accompanied by obvious enthusiasm for the experience.
He had joined the project years earlier and contributed to its design work, organisation and fundraising. Reaching the flying stage turned that sustained effort into a new set of practical tasks. The report looked ahead to recreating the Atlantic crossing, but the achievement it actually recorded was this first local flight and return. Ragozzino’s earlier round-the-world journey belonged to a different aircraft, a Super Stearman.
Ryan built the Spirit of St. Louis to carry fuel for Charles Lindbergh's solo Atlantic crossing. A high wing and single radial engine surrounded a one-seat cockpit whose fuel tanks blocked the forward view. Lindbergh flew from New York to Paris in May 1927.
This starting point selects Ryan NYP “Spirit of St. Louis”. Its aircraft-level settings do not select a particular developer’s custom systems.
The chosen resistance accompanies this mission-built aircraft. Spring resistance builds with the selected airspeed response. A separate aerodynamic term adds speed-dependent control load.
Configured pitch relief is separate from the fuel-tank and visibility arrangement. Valid trim provides the configured pressure relief. Autopilot following is off.
The Spirit of St. Louis placed fuel ahead of its single-seat cockpit, obstructing forward view for the New York–Paris mission. The custom airframe and sparse instruments belong to Lindbergh’s May 1927 flight rather than a production touring-aircraft cockpit.
The gains are normalized profile settings. They describe the chosen effect balance; hand force depends on the device and its output limits. IAS references are tuning values rather than operating limits. Physical acceptance of this revision remains pending.
De uiteindelijke totaalschaal over alles wat het model produceert, vóór de apparaatbegrenzing.
Meer: alles (veer, belastingen, effecten) wordt samen sterker.
Minder: alles wordt samen zachter.
Waarom hier: Scales overall profile strength while preserving effect balance, subject to device and output limits.
De basiscentreerkracht die de stick terug naar het midden trekt. Elke andere kracht stapelt hierop. Te laag en de stick voelt slap in normale vlucht; te hoog en hij vecht tegen je hand en maskeert de kleinere signalen erbovenop.
Meer: een steviger centreren dat de hand meer weerstaat.
Minder: een slappere stick die alleen op aerodynamische belasting leunt.
Waarom hier: The chosen resistance accompanies this mission-built aircraft. The baseline spring is 0.74. Its low-speed blend reaches baseline strength at 42.5 KIAS.
Smithsonian Spirit of St Louis collectionEen kleine neutrale zone rond het midden waar de veer stil blijft, zodat minieme bewegingen in rust niet ratelen. Breder is rustiger maar losser; smaller is preciezer maar kan rond het midden trillen.
Meer: een rustiger maar losser midden, met meer speling.
Minder: een strakker midden dat in rust kan trillen.
Waarom hier: Sets travel around the centre before the baseline spring resists. Smaller values engage it sooner.
Een masterschaal over beide aangehouden asbelastingen, toegepast vóór hun onafhankelijke balans. Profielen laten dit normaal met rust en stemmen de twee asbelastingen af.
Meer: beide assen laden zwaarder.
Minder: beide assen worden samen lichter.
Waarom hier: The aerodynamic-load gain is 0.8 with an indicated-speed reference of 85 KIAS. This supplies speed-dependent loading alongside the spring.
Schakelt het lage-snelheidsvenster van de veeraangrijping in (start/vol-knopen hierboven). Uit betekent een constante veer op alle snelheden.
Waarom hier: Allows baseline spring strength to rise with indicated airspeed where the control law permits it.
Hoeveel van de veer overleeft bij stilstand, voordat luchtsnelheid aerodynamische kracht kan opbouwen. Een hoge vloer houdt de geparkeerde stick stevig; een lage geeft het losse, kabelslappe gevoel van een geparkeerd licht vliegtuig.
Meer: een stevigere stick geparkeerd en tijdens taxiën.
Minder: een slappe stick geparkeerd die pas met snelheid ontwaakt.
Waarom hier: Sets low-speed spring strength as a fraction of baseline when blending is enabled. One keeps full strength.
De snelheid waarbij de veer vanaf zijn lage-snelheidsvloer richting volle sterkte begint te klimmen: de besturing die 'tot leven komt' tijdens de startrol.
Waarom hier: Sets the IAS where the low-speed spring blend starts rising. This is a feel threshold, not a flight limit.
De snelheid waarbij de veer volle sterkte bereikt. Tussen het begin en dit punt wordt het centreren geleidelijk steviger naarmate de luchtstroom over de roeren groeit.
Waarom hier: Sets the IAS where the low-speed blend reaches baseline strength; high-speed stiffening also uses it.
De aangewezen snelheid waarbij de aerodynamische belasting haar ontworpen volle niveau bereikt. Hij verankert de hele belastingscurve aan het echte snelheidsbereik van het vliegtuig: een 172 laadt op tegen 110 knopen, een jet veel later.
Meer: belastingen komen later; de stick blijft langer licht.
Minder: belastingen komen eerder en de kruisvlucht weegt zwaarder.
Waarom hier: Sets the IAS reference for aerodynamic loading. It is an estimate, not published cruise TAS or a flight limit.
Hoeveel het centreren zelf met snelheid verstijft, bovenop de uitslagbelastingen. Nul houdt het middengevoel constant; meer laat de stick harder centreren op kruissnelheid en losser in het circuit.
Meer: een midden dat duidelijk verhardt met snelheid.
Minder: een constant middengevoel op elke snelheid.
Waarom hier: The high-speed spring-stiffening gain is 0.15. It strengthens the permitted spring response above 42.5 KIAS, with the squared-speed ratio capped at 5.
De bovengrens van snelheidsgedreven centreerverstijving, zodat zeer snelle vlucht de veer niet onbegrensd kan opwinden.
Meer: meer totale verstijving toegestaan op hoge snelheid.
Minder: de verstijving stopt eerder.
Waarom hier: Limits the squared airspeed ratio used for high-speed spring stiffening; it is not a device-force cap.
De aangehouden rolbelasting uit rolroeruitslag en snelheid, onafhankelijk van pitch gebalanceerd. Samen met de hoogteroerbelasting bepaalt dit de stuurharmonie waar recensenten het over hebben.
Meer: zwaardere rolkrachten.
Minder: lichtere, levendigere rolroeren.
Waarom hier: Roll and pitch aerodynamic scales are 0.6 and 0.78, respectively. They set the aerodynamic axis balance. No custom spring-travel curve is enabled.
De aangehouden pitchbelasting uit hoogteroeruitslag en snelheid, onafhankelijk van rol gebalanceerd. Dit is de hoofdhendel achter het pitchgewicht van een type. Hij raakt rolroer-, veer-, trim- of buffetkrachten niet.
Meer: zwaardere aangehouden pitchkrachten op snelheid.
Minder: een lichter hoogteroer, minder spierkracht om vast te houden.
Waarom hier: Scales pitch aerodynamic loading; pitch spring travel and trim responses are separate settings.
Een plafond op elke gestage pitch- of rolkracht voordat die het apparaat bereikt, ter bescherming tegen beuken of verzadigen van de hardware bij stevige manoeuvres.
Meer: hogere gestage krachtpieken vóór afkapping.
Minder: een zachter plafond; harde manoeuvres vlakken eerder af.
Waarom hier: Caps directed-force output. Native spring effects and device limits remain separate.
Hoe sterk hoogteroertrim de vastgehouden pitchkracht verlicht en verschuift waar de stick tot rust komt. Op 100 % heeft een goed getrimd vliegtuig geen vastgehouden druk nodig, de trim-de-last-weg-werkwijze van echt vliegen.
Meer: trim neemt meer vastgehouden kracht weg; op 100 % heft volle trim hem op.
Minder: je blijft kracht houden, zelfs getrimd.
Waarom hier: Configured pitch relief is separate from the fuel-tank and visibility arrangement. Pitch authority 0.3 provides load relief and permitted centre movement; roll authority is 0.
Smithsonian Spirit of St Louis collectionDezelfde verlichting voor roltrim. De meeste GA-types hebben geen echte rolroertrim, dus dit blijft op nul; types met roltrim krijgen een passende waarde.
Meer: roltrim neemt meer vastgehouden kracht weg.
Minder: roltrim doet minder.
Waarom hier: Scales supported roll-trim relief and permitted centre movement. Zero removes roll response.
Rollende oppervlaktetrilling uit wielsnelheid en ondergrondtype: asfalt, gras of grind onder het onderstel.
Meer: een sterkere oppervlaktetextuur in de stick.
Minder: gladder taxiën.
Waarom hier: Sets rolling texture strength, modified by speed, surface and undercarriage configuration.
Korte losse stoten van uitzetvoegen, sporen en ruw oppervlak, die het doorlopende gerommel accentueren.
Meer: scherpere stoten van voegen en sporen.
Minder: zachtere gronddetails.
Waarom hier: Sets gear-bump texture during ground motion, separate from touchdown impact.
Casco-schudden bij het naderen van de overtrek en terwijl de overtrekwaarschuwing actief is: hoe luid deze vleugel aankondigt dat hij ontevreden is. Types met een scherpe afbreek krijgen bescheiden buffet en laten de hoorn de waarschuwing dragen.
Meer: een sterker trillen vóór de overtrek.
Minder: een discretere vleugel; de hoorn draagt de waarschuwing.
Waarom hier: Sets stall-buffet strength. Zero removes the cue without changing simulator stalls or warnings.
Transsoon buffet bij het naderen van de Machlimiet. Betekenisvol voor jets nabij MMO, nul voor zuigers en turboprops die er nooit komen.
Meer: een sterker transsoon buffet nabij de Machlimiet.
Minder: gladder vliegen op hoge Mach.
Waarom hier: Sets high-Mach buffet strength; onset and full-strength thresholds are separate.
Laagfrequente casco-trilling met kleppen uitgeslagen in de luchtstroom, in het snelheidsvenster waar ze de lucht echt bewerken.
Meer: ruwer vliegen met werkende kleppen.
Minder: zachtere naderingskleppen.
Waarom hier: Sets flap buffet at the configured position and speed gates. Flap movement texture is separate.
Casco-getrommel van intrekbaar onderstel dat in de luchtstroom hangt. Nul voor types met vast onderstel, waar het casco nooit van vorm verandert.
Meer: meer getrommel met het onderstel uit.
Minder: schoner vliegen met onderstel uit.
Waarom hier: Sets gear aerodynamic buffet; movement and ground-contact cues are separate.
De speciale stall-stickshakerzoem, geactiveerd door het eigen overtrekwaarschuwingssysteem van het vliegtuig. Alleen types met een echte shaker krijgen een waarde; de rest steunt op aerodynamisch buffet en de hoorn.
Meer: een hardere shaker.
Minder: een discretere shaker.
Waarom hier: Sets triggered shaker strength; inactive while the shaker feature is disabled.
De eenmalige dreun als de wielen de baan raken, geschaald op daalsnelheid: een zachte landing fluistert, een stevige aankomst bonkt.
Meer: een hardere dreun bij de landing.
Minder: zachtere aankomsten.
Waarom hier: Sets landing-impact strength; landing telemetry and response shape determine the pulse.
Uitroltrilling terwijl reverse thrust of props in beta werken. Nul voor types zonder reverse.
Meer: ruwer uitrollen onder reverse.
Minder: een discretere reverse.
Waarom hier: Sets reverse-thrust vibration with valid reverser and engine conditions. Zero removes the cue.
Doorlopende motortrilling die het toerental volgt tussen stationair en vol vermogen, de altijd aanwezige herinnering dat er voorin iets brandstof verbrandt.
Meer: meer motor in de stick.
Minder: een discretere motor.
Waarom hier: Sets estimated engine vibration using configured telemetry and response, not measured cockpit vibration.
Doorlopende trilling alleen terwijl de sim meldt dat de klepvlakken daadwerkelijk bewegen. Volgt echte actuatorbeweging en storingen, geen geschatte timer.
Meer: meer trilling met bewegende kleppen.
Minder: discretere klepbewegingen.
Waarom hier: Sets texture from observed flap movement; a command without movement does not establish the cue.
Hoe ver autopilootcommando's de stick fysiek mogen bewegen. Piepklein gehouden in MSFS, waar een bewogen as kan worden teruggelezen als pilooteninvoer; nul schakelt volgen volledig uit.
Meer: de autopiloot beweegt je stick zichtbaar meer.
Minder: een nauwelijks merkbaar volgen.
Waarom hier: Sets admitted AP-follow gain, not a percentage of travel. Runtime ownership and input limits still apply.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Waarom hier: Retained for compatibility and group membership. Trim relief, rather than this flag, controls centre movement.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Waarom hier: Allows trim relief with supported control law and valid telemetry. Axis authorities set its amount.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Waarom hier: Enables local force trim, separate from aircraft-owned trim and add-on integration qualification.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Waarom hier: Allows load-factor changes to modify permitted spring laws. Passive fly-by-wire feel can suppress it.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Waarom hier: Enables rate damping with the configured coefficients and control law.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Waarom hier: Autopilot following is off; the configured spring and load retain the hardware feel.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Waarom hier: Permits centering hold during a supported AP state, separate from following a moving target.
Waarom hier: Sets admitted AP neutral-hold strength; inactive while neutral hold is disabled.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Waarom hier: Enables aerodynamic cues; each still needs nonzero strength and its simulator conditions.
Where this effect reaches full strength (or has fully faded, for washouts).
Meer: a more gradual build to a later peak.
Minder: a quicker build.
Waarom hier: Sets the final flap index for detent normalization. UP plus three detents uses maximum index3.
Where this effect begins fading in.
Meer: the effect begins later.
Minder: it begins earlier.
Waarom hier: Sets the first flap detent that admits buffet; this is a handle index, not degrees.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Waarom hier: Permits shaker at supported warning conditions; the switch does not establish aircraft equipment.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Waarom hier: Enables ground effects; each still needs its own strength and contact or motion telemetry.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Waarom hier: Enables engine cues with nonzero settings and valid running-engine telemetry.
Whether this feature is active in this profile.
Waarom hier: Enables accessory cues with configured strengths and observed accessory movement.
The strength of this effect.
Meer: a stronger effect.
Minder: a weaker one.
Waarom hier: Sets texture from observed gear movement, separate from aerodynamic and touchdown effects.
| Parameter | Waarde | Wat het regelt en waarom |
|---|---|---|
| Spring strength | 0.74 | The chosen resistance accompanies this mission-built aircraft. The baseline spring is 0.74. Its low-speed blend reaches baseline strength at 42.5 KIAS. |
| Spring deadband | 0.045 | Sets travel around the centre before the baseline spring resists. Smaller values engage it sooner. |
| Force gain | 0.8 | The aerodynamic-load gain is 0.8 with an indicated-speed reference of 85 KIAS. This supplies speed-dependent loading alongside the spring. |
| Master gain | 0.85 | Scales overall profile strength while preserving effect balance, subject to device and output limits. |
| Dynamic-pressure blend | True | Allows baseline spring strength to rise with indicated airspeed where the control law permits it. |
| Minimum spring factor | 0.5 | Sets low-speed spring strength as a fraction of baseline when blending is enabled. One keeps full strength. |
| Spring wake-up speed | 11.9 kt | Sets the IAS where the low-speed spring blend starts rising. This is a feel threshold, not a flight limit. |
| Spring full-strength speed | 42.5 kt | Sets the IAS where the low-speed blend reaches baseline strength; high-speed stiffening also uses it. |
| Snelheid voor krachtafstemming | 85.0 kt | Sets the IAS reference for aerodynamic loading. It is an estimate, not published cruise TAS or a flight limit. |
| Airspeed spring stiffening | 0.15 | The high-speed spring-stiffening gain is 0.15. It strengthens the permitted spring response above 42.5 KIAS, with the squared-speed ratio capped at 5. |
| Airspeed stiffening cap | 5 | Limits the squared airspeed ratio used for high-speed spring stiffening; it is not a device-force cap. |
| Aileron force scale | 0.6 | Roll and pitch aerodynamic scales are 0.6 and 0.78, respectively. They set the aerodynamic axis balance. No custom spring-travel curve is enabled. |
| Elevator force scale | 0.78 | Scales pitch aerodynamic loading; pitch spring travel and trim responses are separate settings. |
| Maximum output force | 0.55 | Caps directed-force output. Native spring effects and device limits remain separate. |
| StickFeel · Trim feel enabled | True | Retained for compatibility and group membership. Trim relief, rather than this flag, controls centre movement. |
| StickFeel · Trim relief enabled | True | Allows trim relief with supported control law and valid telemetry. Axis authorities set its amount. |
| StickFeel · Elevator authority | 0.3 | Configured pitch relief is separate from the fuel-tank and visibility arrangement. Pitch authority 0.3 provides load relief and permitted centre movement; roll authority is 0. |
| StickFeel · Aileron authority | 0 | Scales supported roll-trim relief and permitted centre movement. Zero removes roll response. |
| StickFeel · Force trim enabled | False | Enables local force trim, separate from aircraft-owned trim and add-on integration qualification. |
| StickFeel · G load enabled | True | Allows load-factor changes to modify permitted spring laws. Passive fly-by-wire feel can suppress it. |
| StickFeel · Rate damping enabled | True | Enables rate damping with the configured coefficients and control law. |
| Autopilot · Follow enabled | False | Autopilot following is off; the configured spring and load retain the hardware feel. |
| Autopilot · Follow authority | 0.1 | Sets admitted AP-follow gain, not a percentage of travel. Runtime ownership and input limits still apply. |
| Autopilot · Neutral hold enabled | False | Permits centering hold during a supported AP state, separate from following a moving target. |
| Autopilot · Neutral hold strength | 0.6 | Sets admitted AP neutral-hold strength; inactive while neutral hold is disabled. |
| Aero · Enabled | True | Enables aerodynamic cues; each still needs nonzero strength and its simulator conditions. |
| Aero · Gain | 0.35 | Sets stall-buffet strength. Zero removes the cue without changing simulator stalls or warnings. |
| Aero · Gain | 0 | Sets high-Mach buffet strength; onset and full-strength thresholds are separate. |
| Aero · Gain | 0 | Sets flap buffet at the configured position and speed gates. Flap movement texture is separate. |
| Aero · Max flap index | 1 | Sets the final flap index for detent normalization. UP plus three detents uses maximum index3. |
| Aero · Min flap index | 1 | Sets the first flap detent that admits buffet; this is a handle index, not degrees. |
| Aero · Gain | 0 | Sets gear aerodynamic buffet; movement and ground-contact cues are separate. |
| Aero · Shaker enabled | False | Permits shaker at supported warning conditions; the switch does not establish aircraft equipment. |
| Aero · Amplitude | 0.5 | Sets triggered shaker strength; inactive while the shaker feature is disabled. |
| Ground · Enabled | True | Enables ground effects; each still needs its own strength and contact or motion telemetry. |
| Ground · Gain | 0.4 | Sets rolling texture strength, modified by speed, surface and undercarriage configuration. |
| Ground · Gain | 0.25 | Sets gear-bump texture during ground motion, separate from touchdown impact. |
| Ground · Gain | 0.65 | Sets landing-impact strength; landing telemetry and response shape determine the pulse. |
| Ground · Gain | 0 | Sets reverse-thrust vibration with valid reverser and engine conditions. Zero removes the cue. |
| Engine · Enabled | True | Enables engine cues with nonzero settings and valid running-engine telemetry. |
| Engine · Gain | 0.12 | Sets estimated engine vibration using configured telemetry and response, not measured cockpit vibration. |
| Mechanical · Enabled | True | Enables accessory cues with configured strengths and observed accessory movement. |
| Mechanical · Gain | 0 | Sets texture from observed flap movement; a command without movement does not establish the cue. |
| Mechanical · Gain | 0 | Sets texture from observed gear movement, separate from aerodynamic and touchdown effects. |
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